Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices regarding Healthcare-Associated Infections Among the General Population in Negeri Sembilan

Authors: Mohamed Abd Elwahab Eltanahy, Nor Zanariah Binti Zainol Abidin, Xin Yi Hong, Kanisha Anbalagan, Kavillashini Manimaran, Sze Ming Khor, Boon Yan Kua, Ricca Yuen Foong Leong, Sherreen Elhariri

ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study aims to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of the general population in Negeri Sembilan regarding the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, from January to March 2025, targeting adults aged 18 and above through convenience sampling at public locations. Using a validated trilingual questionnaire, data were collected on participant sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, perception, and practices related to HAIs, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 29.0.

Results: A total of 400 respondents participated in the study, with females comprising 58.25% of the sample and the largest age group being 18–30 years old (38.75%). In terms of knowledge, 25.75% of respondents demonstrated poor knowledge, 40.25% moderate knowledge, and 34.00% good knowledge regarding healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). High levels of awareness were observed for handwashing as a preventive measure (90.0%) and airborne transmission as a mode of spread (89.0%). Positive perceptions toward HAI prevention were demonstrated, with most respondents agreeing that HAIs are preventable and potentially life-threatening if left untreated; furthermore, 74.0% strongly agreed that prevention is a shared responsibility. Among the 354 respondents with prior hospital experience, 37.29% demonstrated poor practice, 40.96% demonstrated moderate practice and 21.75% demonstrated good preventive practices, although only 20.62% consistently practiced 30-second handwashing. Younger respondents, females, and those with tertiary education showed significantly higher knowledge and practice scores (p < 0.05). Significant weak positive correlations were also found between knowledge, perception, and practices regarding HAIs (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study emphasises the need for ongoing, targeted educational initiatives to enhance public awareness and practices in preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infection, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Malaysia

Citations: IeJSME 2026 Vol 20 (1): 17-33